昨天一同事在修改数据库字符集时出现如下问题：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16CGB231280;
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16CGB231280
*
ERROR at line 1:ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
它原来的字符集是：al32utf8
出现这个错误是 oracle 只支持从子集到超集的转变
那有什么方法可进行强制转换呢？可以使用如下指令：
alter database character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16CGB231280
该指令会跳过子集与超集的检验，当然强制转换可能会造成数据的损坏，要谨慎使用!!
关于字符集更详细的信息可参考eygle的文章：
http://www.eygle.com/index-special.htm
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